The word "credit" in the first line of the passage relies to:A．loanB．trustC．B/LD．L/C

Which of the following writing activities reflect process-orientation?

A.Asking the students to write an essay parallel to the text they have learned.
B.Asking the students to peer-edit their first draft.
C.Asking the students to complete a passage with transitions.
D.Asking students to lay a great focus on the grammar structure and word spelling.

As recently as three decades ago,many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and?dangerous way to pay for what they bought．Some even thought that owing money to a store or a?credit company was something to be ashamed of．Good citizens,they believed,always bought what?they wanted with real money and they paid the full price immediately．
Today,however,all that has changed．Credit,as some observers have noted,has become a?way of life in the United States．More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces?of plastic,credit cards,to pay for large purchases such as televisions,record players or furniture．Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card to pay for a costly restaurant?dinner,a hotel room or an airline trip．And there are some situations in which Americans must have?credit cards．If they want the temporary use of a car,for example,they first must give the car rental?company the number of their credit card．That number is considered a guarantee that they will return?the car and pay for using it．
Credit cards offer two major services to Americans．First of all,they are easier and safer to?carry than large amounts of money．Second,they permit people to borrow,to have the immediate?pleasure of owning something,even if they do not have enough money to pay for it at the time．With?credit cards people pay for goods or services at the end of each month instead of when they buy them．And when the time does come to pay,most credit cards offer people a choice．They can pay all of?what they owe for the month or they can just pay usually between 5 and 10 percent of what they owe．

What do Americans feel about using credit cards nowadays according to the?passage?

A.They consider it valuable．
B.They regard it as a shame．
C.They think it dangerous．
D.They find it quite convenient．

资料：Word of Mouth promotion is based on the principle of pull marketing.
Word of mouth （WOM） promotion is based on the principle of pull marketing. It relies on the transmission of a positive marketing message from person to person through conversation or a personal communication such as email or text message. Pull marketing gets consumers to bring other consumers to the product. In contrast, push marketing uses above-the-line promotional techniques to put products in front of consumers in order to generate sales.
Red Bull extensively uses pull marketing. This approach involves getting consumers excited about the product and conveying this excitement to their family and friends. It is also about trying to get coverage of Red Bull events in the press. This coverage can encourage consumers to find out more about the product. It helps to generate momentum, through creating interesting stories for people to talk about, which in turn help to create brand awareness and grow sales.
The founder of Red Bull used pull marketing to promote his original product in the 1980s. He hired a Red Bull Wings Team to go out and talk to people one-to-one about the product. This helps to create consumer interest in the product. As people experience the drink and appreciate its qualities, they become advocates for the brand. They share their opinions with other consumers when they talk with friends. The promotion therefore creates a ripple effect.

What is not true of pull marketing according to the passage?

A.word of Mouth promotion is based on the principle of pull marketing.
B.it uses above the line promotional techniques.
C.it gets consumers to bring other countries to the product.
D.it relies on the transimission of positive message.

As recently as three decades ago,many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and?dangerous way to pay for what they bought．Some even thought that owing money to a store or a?credit company was something to be ashamed of．Good citizens,they believed,always bought what?they wanted with real money and they paid the full price immediately．
Today,however,all that has changed．Credit,as some observers have noted,has become a?way of life in the United States．More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces?of plastic,credit cards,to pay for large purchases such as televisions,record players or furniture．Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card to pay for a costly restaurant?dinner,a hotel room or an airline trip．And there are some situations in which Americans must have?credit cards．If they want the temporary use of a car,for example,they first must give the car rental?company the number of their credit card．That number is considered a guarantee that they will return?the car and pay for using it．
Credit cards offer two major services to Americans．First of all,they are easier and safer to?carry than large amounts of money．Second,they permit people to borrow,to have the immediate?pleasure of owning something,even if they do not have enough money to pay for it at the time．With?credit cards people pay for goods or services at the end of each month instead of when they buy them．And when the time does come to pay,most credit cards offer people a choice．They can pay all of?what they owe for the month or they can just pay usually between 5 and 10 percent of what they owe．

What is the best title for the passage?

A.Credit—a Way of Life in America
B.Credit Services in America
C.Convenience of Living in America
D.History of Credit Cards in America

资料：No credit，bad credit Hear the terms often enough and they can blur together.These credit statuses aren’t one and the same，though.
Whether you have no credit or bad credit，one thing’s for sure：You don’t have good credit.And without good credit，you’ll face an uphill battle any time you apply for a loan or credit card.
Potential lenders will want to know that you will almost certainly repay any money that you borrow.They likely won’t risk loaning money or extending credit to those whose creditworthiness is a big question mark or，worse，who have a track record of poor money management.
If you fall into either of these categories，it’s smart to focus on raising your credit scores.
If you have no credit score，you don’t have a credit history.If you have bad credit，it’s likely that you’ve mishandled credit in the past.And these two less-than-ideal credit standings require different solutions.
If you fall in the no-credit category，you haven’t necessarily made any financial mistakes.In this case，a good way to start building that history is to acquire a credit card for people with no credit.Secured credit cards （which require a security deposit）or college student credit cards are typically the easiest to qualify for if you have no credit.A credit-builder loan can also help you establish credit.
Bad credit can be a result of financial missteps，including missing payments，defaulting on loans，or having accounts sent to collections.If you fall into this category and need credit，you’ll need to look for a bad-credit credit card.A secured card or credit-builder loan is a good option in this situation，as well.You also may qualify for a bad-credit personal loan.If you still have open accounts，pay down the balances but don’t close credit accounts if you can avoid it.
People with no credit are just starting to build their financial reputation，while those with bad credit are doing damage control.
Moving from one of these less desirable situations to a good credit standing may use different tools，but the method is much the same： Make your payments on time and keep your debt low.It takes diligence and dedication，but it can be done.

Which topic has not been covered in the passage？

A.Next steps to take for people in different categories
B.How no credit and bad credit are different
C.How no credit and bad credit are similar
D.All the above have been discussed in the passage

It can be inferred from the passage that all of the following are literary detectives who have tried，by means of either scholarship or criticism，to help solve the“great puzzle”mentioned in the first line EXCEPT( )

A.Bardeche
B.Vallette
C.Fallois
D.Kolb