1 Bailey’s is a large toy manufacturer based in a traditional industrial region. Established in the 1970s, it has faced many changes in the market and survived. This has been due in part to employing a largely unskilled low paid staff,and maintaining its
题目
1 Bailey’s is a large toy manufacturer based in a traditional industrial region. Established in the 1970s, it has faced many changes in the market and survived. This has been due in part to employing a largely unskilled low paid staff,and maintaining its main advantage, that of low production costs based on low pay. Most of the production involves repetitive and boring work with little challenge and opportunity for innovation. Although many of the employees have
been with the company for some time, there has been a high level of employee turnover.
However, an unhappy atmosphere has been apparent for some time. There has been a number of instances ofarguments between the staff, friction between different departments, disturbance, low morale, poor production and general unrest, made worse recently by a decline in business which may lead to staff reduction and redundancy. Poor pay is leading to family problems that are affecting the commitment and motivation of the employees.
The business was recently sold to the new owner, Rebecca Stonewall. She is concerned that the negative atmosphere she has found will harm the prospects of the business and is determined to address the issues that have become apparent.
She has therefore decided that it is time to take account of opinions and views of the employees in an attempt both to identify the problems and to resolve them. She has appointed external counsellors since she thinks that a programme of individual counselling might be appropriate and is also of the opinion that some form. of different or improved approach to motivation might be the answer to the problems at Bailey’s.
Required:
(a) Define the role that the external counsellor must fulfil at Bailey’s. (3 marks)
相似考题
参考答案和解析
1 One of the many skills that managers are called upon to use is counselling. Situations often arise in the workplace where particular and careful people-centred skills are required. It is important that managers understand exactly what counselling involves and the delicate skills involved. In addition, many problems identified by counselling can be resolved through appropriate methods of motivation. Widening and deepening interest in the organisation and its many tasks and departments is a tried and tested method
for motivating employees. However, financial rewards remain a strong and important motivator.
(a) The external counsellor’s role must be as ‘a person who takes on the role of counsellor and agrees explicitly to offer time,attention, advice, guidance and support to another person (or persons) temporarily in the role of client’.
更多“1 Bailey’s is a large toy manufacturer based in a traditional industrial region. Established in the 1970s, it has faced many changes in the market and survived. This has been due in part to employing a largely unskilled low paid staff,and maintaining its ”相关问题
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第1题：
5 The directors of Blaina Packaging Co (BPC), a well-established manufacturer of cardboard boxes, are currently
considering whether to enter the cardboard tube market. Cardboard tubes are purchased by customers whose
products are wound around tubes of various sizes ranging from large tubes on which carpets are wound, to small
tubes around which films and paper products are wound. The cardboard tubes are usually purchased in very large
quantities by customers. On average, the cardboard tubes comprise between 1% and 2% of the total cost of the
customers’ finished product.
The directors have gathered the following information:
(1) The cardboard tubes are manufactured on machines which vary in size and speed. The lowest cost machine is
priced at $30,000 and requires only one operative for its operation. A one-day training course is required in order
that an unskilled person can then operate such a machine in an efficient and effective manner.
(2) The cardboard tubes are made from specially formulated paper which, at times during recent years, has been in
short supply.
(3) At present, four major manufacturers of cardboard tubes have an aggregate market share of 80%. The current
market leader has a 26% market share. The market shares of the other three major manufacturers, one of which
is JOL Co, are equal in size. The product ranges offered by the four major manufacturers are similar in terms of
size and quality. The market has grown by 2% per annum during recent years.
(4) A recent report on the activities of a foreign-based multinational company revealed that consideration was being
given to expanding operations in their packaging division overseas. The division possesses large-scale automated
machinery for the manufacture of cardboard tubes of any size.
(5) Another company, Plastic Tubes Co (PTC) produces a narrow, but increasing, range of plastic tubes which are
capable of housing small products such as film and paper-based products. At present, these tubes are on average
30% more expensive than the equivalent sized cardboard tubes sold in the marketplace.
Required:
(a) Using Porter’s five forces model, assess the attractiveness of the option to enter the market for cardboard
tubes as a performance improvement strategy for BPC. (10 marks)
正确答案：
(a) In order to assess the attractiveness of the option to enter the market for spirally-wound paper tubes, the directors of BPC
could make use of Michael Porter’s ‘five forces model’.
In applying this model to the given scenario one might conclude that the relatively low cost of the machine together with the
fact that an unskilled person would only require one day’s training in order to be able to operate a machine, constitute
relatively low costs of entry to the market. Therefore one might reasonably conclude that the threat of new entrants might be
high. This is especially the case where the market is highly fragmented.
The fact that products are usually purchased in very large quantities by customers together with the fact that there is little real
difference between the products of alternative suppliers suggests that customer (buyer) power might well be very high. The
fact that the paper tubes on average only comprise between 1% and 2% of the total cost of the purchaser’s finished product
also suggests that buyer power may well be very high.
The threat from suppliers could be high due to the fact that the specially formulated paper from which the tubes are made is
sometimes in short supply. Hence suppliers might increase their prices with consequential diminution in gross margin of the
firms in the marketplace.
The threat from competitive rivals will be strong as the four major players in the market are of similar size and that the market
is a slow growing market. The market leader currently has 26% of the market and the three nearest competitors hold
approximately 18% of the market.
The fact that Plastic Tubes Co (PTC) produces a narrow range of plastic tubes constitutes a threat from a substitute product.
This threat will increase if the product range of PTC is extended and the price of plastic tubes is reduced.
The fact that a foreign-based multinational company is considering entering this market represents a significant threat from a
potential new entrant as it would appear that the multinational company might well be able to derive economies of scale from
large scale automated machinery and has manufacturing flexibility.
Low capital barriers to entry might appeal to BPC but they would also appeal to other potential entrants. The low growth
market, the ease of entry, the existence of established competitors, a credible threat of backward vertical integration by
suppliers, the imminent entry by a multi-national, a struggling established competitor and the difficulty of differentiating an
industrial commodity should call into question the potential of BPC to achieve any sort of competitive advantage. If BPC can
achieve the position of lowest cost producer within the industry then entry into the market might be a good move. In order
to assess whether this is possible BPC must consider any potential synergies that would exist between its cardboard business
and that of the tubes operation.
From the information available, the option to enter the market for cardboard tubes appears to be unattractive. The directors
of BPC should seek alternative performance improvement strategies. -
第2题：
Passage One
Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea, two miles away from the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia.
The city is the market centre for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the city's money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city with ships, railways, clothes and machine factories.
Valencia has an old part with white buildings, coloured roofs, and narrow streets. The modern part has long, wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The University in the centre of the city was built in the 13(上标)th century.
The city of valencia has been known since the 2(上标)nd century. In the 8(上标)th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venzuela(委内瑞拉)named Valencia.
36. The main income of the city of Valencia is from its______.
A. markets
B. business
C. factories
D. farming
正确答案：D
36．答案为D 此题为细节题。问题提出瓦伦西亚市的主要收入是什么?从第二段的第二句Most of the city's money is made from farming可以得出答案是D(农业)。 -
第3题：
Bryce’s Department Store ___ its furniture department about a year ago.A、enlarged
B、was enlarged
C、has enlarged
D、has been enlarged
正确答案:A
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第4题：
Your firm has been recommended to us by DINOSOUR TOY CO,LTD()we have done business for many fears.A、which
B、with whom
C、whom
D、with which
参考答案：B
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第5题：
Wal-Mart has been criticized by some groups for its .（ ）
[A] low service quality
[B] employees' low salary
[C] high pressure on the other companies
[D] discrimination against women
正确答案：D
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第6题：
The Open University,one of the great successes of modern Britain,is facing a crisis.On the surface,this centres on the embattled vice-chancellor.Peter Horrocks,whom the staff want to resign.The UCU（University and College Union）branch at the university has passed a motion of no confidence in him.and says he no longer commands the respect of staff.The immediate cause was a remark for which he has been forced to apologise,to the effect that some academics had been allowed"to get away with not teaching for decades",but this came in a context of brutal budget cuts he has proposed.More profoundly.the crisis exposes a huge disagreement about what actually constitutes teaching,and why it is a worthwhile activity.Is it a way to produce exam resulis and certificates of employability,or is the purpose to share whaiever makes a subject worth studying for itself,and to inculcate the skills that will enable students to glimpse and pursue that vision?But the deeper crisis reaches far beyond the vice-chancellor's inadequacies.Some of the challenges facing the university are simply a result of the huge changes in society and technology since it was founded in 1969.In the early days,staff agonised over whether to include colour in their television programmes,since many viewers might still own black and white sets.In those days,too.there was a very large pool of middle-aged people who had been denied tertiary education,and for whom this really was the university of the seconcl chance.But the pool of second chancers has now largely gone the way of black and white televisions.Those are difficulties that would face the university under any administration.So would the widespread competition in the field of distance learning.But with all that said,it is central government that is largely responsible for the difficulties of the OU.The government's conception of higher education as a marketplace where students can shop for qualifications is profoundly destructive to all universities,and the OU is only the most exposed and vulnerable.The introduction,and then the tripling,of tuition fees has wrecked its financial model,so that student numbers have dropped by a third since 2010.The only thing to fall as fast has been the university's rating for student satisfaction,from lst t0 47th.So much for the conception of universities as selling to"customers",rather than teaching students.The university is an institution that enriches the lives of those who attend it.It is on that basis that the government should still recognise,and support,the ideal that everyone deserves access to the benefits of a real university,whatever their past,and whenever they decide they need it.
The most profound threat to the OU isA.its poor administration.
B.its vulnerable financial model.
C.extensive competition in distance learning,
D.marketization of higher education.答案：D解析：第三段③句明确指出：尽管开放大学面临社会技术变革、广泛竞争、管理等各式各样的问题，但是真正应该负主要责任的是政府将高等教育设想为买卖文凭的市场。也即，高等教育的市场化是开放大学面临的最严重威胁，即D.正确。[解题技巧]A.、C.都可以算是威胁，但并非最严重的威胁；B.由④句vulnerable、⑤句its financial model这两个碎片信息捏造而来，但文中并未指出开放大学的财务模式很脆弱。 -
第7题：
The Open University,one of the great successes of modern Britain,is facing a crisis.On the surface,this centres on the embattled vice-chancellor.Peter Horrocks,whom the staff want to resign.The UCU（University and College Union）branch at the university has passed a motion of no confidence in him.and says he no longer commands the respect of staff.The immediate cause was a remark for which he has been forced to apologise,to the effect that some academics had been allowed"to get away with not teaching for decades",but this came in a context of brutal budget cuts he has proposed.More profoundly.the crisis exposes a huge disagreement about what actually constitutes teaching,and why it is a worthwhile activity.Is it a way to produce exam resulis and certificates of employability,or is the purpose to share whaiever makes a subject worth studying for itself,and to inculcate the skills that will enable students to glimpse and pursue that vision?But the deeper crisis reaches far beyond the vice-chancellor's inadequacies.Some of the challenges facing the university are simply a result of the huge changes in society and technology since it was founded in 1969.In the early days,staff agonised over whether to include colour in their television programmes,since many viewers might still own black and white sets.In those days,too.there was a very large pool of middle-aged people who had been denied tertiary education,and for whom this really was the university of the seconcl chance.But the pool of second chancers has now largely gone the way of black and white televisions.Those are difficulties that would face the university under any administration.So would the widespread competition in the field of distance learning.But with all that said,it is central government that is largely responsible for the difficulties of the OU.The government's conception of higher education as a marketplace where students can shop for qualifications is profoundly destructive to all universities,and the OU is only the most exposed and vulnerable.The introduction,and then the tripling,of tuition fees has wrecked its financial model,so that student numbers have dropped by a third since 2010.The only thing to fall as fast has been the university's rating for student satisfaction,from lst t0 47th.So much for the conception of universities as selling to"customers",rather than teaching students.The university is an institution that enriches the lives of those who attend it.It is on that basis that the government should still recognise,and support,the ideal that everyone deserves access to the benefits of a real university,whatever their past,and whenever they decide they need it.
Which of the following is true according io Paragraph 2?A.The OU's crisis has little to do with the vice-chancellor.
B.The OU is faced with huge socio-technical challenges.
C.The OU's television programmes have lost their market.
D.The role positioning involving the OU has shifted.答案：B解析：第二段①②句首先指出：开放大学的深层危机远不是校长霍洛克斯的不胜任，其当前所面临的一些问题的深层原因在于社会及技术的巨大变更；③④⑤句进而以“黑白电视机市场”及“中年人对开放大学需求”的今昔变化为例分别说明开放大学当前面临着巨大的技术和社会挑战，既要应对新的技术问题、也要应对其市场吸引力不足问题。故B.正确。[解题技巧]A.源自①句，但该句意在说明“危机不单单是校长不胜任导致的（意即，校长也有其不可推卸责任）”；C.由③句their television programmes及末句gone the way of black ancl white telcvisions这两个碎片信息捏造而来，但从文中只能推导出“黑白的电视节目没有了市场”，并不能推导出“电视节目失去了市场”：D.根据②句“社会技术巨变”及①句…开放大学作为第二机会的大学，这一角色定位”捏造出“开放大学角色定位发生改变”。 -
第8题：
资料：New York and London may rule the roost, but other financial hubs in America and Europe have managed to carve out useful specialist niches for themselves. Chicago, for instance, has consolidated its position as the world’s derivatives center, and Houston, the largest city in Texas, is home to America’s biggest energy firms and has spawned an active cluster of energy traders and hedge funds.
Europe has also developed a diverse set of financial centers ranging from big cities to island havens such as Jersey and to niche markets such as Luxembourg and Dublin. Edinburg, an established banking center, is now touting itself as a low-cost alternative for financial operations. Among the larger hubs, Frankfurt is an important center for banking and derivatives trading through Eurex, a German-Swiss exchange, with significantly lower costs than London.
Switzerland’s twin financial centers, Geneva and Zurich, have done well in their specialists of private banking, wealth management and insurance. The main attractions are low taxes, political stability and a reputation for discretion. Urs Roth from the Swiss Bankers Association says, however, that given its tiny domestic market, Switzerland has had to fight for open markets on an international scale.
Paris has long lagged far behind London, dogged by a reputation for excessive regulation and high taxes. The new government is aware that some of France’s best financial brains have crossed the Channel for more lucrative careers in London. Yet Paris has many advantages: a large number of international banks; more international companies than Frankfurt; and easy access to regulators. It has the largest market in Europe for trading in mutual funds. Few would dispute that Paris offers an attractive quality of life and has good transport links. What makes Paris a place to watch just now is the NYSE’s recent merger with Euronext. The combined group will base its international equities business in the French capital. Euronext, which operates exchanges in five European countries, also illustrates the importance of a common language.
Financial executives around the world increasingly view Europe as a single market. Soon a new European rule called MiFID （Markets in Financial Instrument Directive） is due to be implemented. It aims to increase competition among and transparency within financial markets. Financiers in other parts of the world are wondering how to achieve a similar degree of cross-border financial integration.
According to Paragraph 1,traders mostly trade derivatives in .A.New York
B.London
C.Chicago
D.Frankfurt答案：C解析：本题考查的是细节理解和同义转换。
【关键词】Paragraph 1;derivatives
【主题句】第1自然段 Chicago,for instance,has consolidated its position as the world’s derivatives center.例如，芝加哥巩固了其作为世界衍生品中心的地位。
【解析】本题的问题是“根据第一自然段，贸易者交易衍生品主要是在哪里？”。根据主题句可知，贸易者交易衍生品主要在芝加哥，故选C。 -
第9题：
共用题干
The Industrial Age and Employment
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's
work has taken the form of jobs.The industrial age may now be coming to an end,and
some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed.This
seems a daunting（大胆的）thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better
future for work.Universal employment,as its history shows,has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries
made many people dependent on paid work by depriving（剥夺）them of the use of the
land,and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.Then the factory system
destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes.Later,as
transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted（乘车往返）longer
distances to their places of employment until,eventually,many people's work lost all
connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile,employment put women at a disadvantage.In pre-industrial times,men
and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community.Now it
became customary(惯例的）for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the
unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.Tax and benefit regulations still assume this
norm today,and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered.As employment became the
dominant form of work,young people and old people were excluded-a problem now,as
more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some efforts
and resources away from the utopian（乌托邦的）goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent
practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.The established work patterns may be changed with the closing of the industrial age.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析： -
第10题：
ABC Company is an old-established firm（）many year’s experience（）the trade.
- A、has，of
- B、with，in
- C、have，in
- D、with，of
正确答案:B -
第11题：
单选题Faced with these massive changes, the government keeps its own counsel; although generally benevolent, it has always been ______ regime.Aan altruistic
Ban indifferent
Ca reticent
Da sanguine
Ean unpredictable
正确答案： E解析：
A altruistic 利他的，无私心的；B indifferent 冷淡的，漠不关心的；C 沉默寡言的；有保留的，有节制的；D sanguine 乐观的，满怀希望的；E unpredictable 不可预知的，出乎意料的；根据前半句可知，政府在面对巨大变革时选择不宣布自己的观点，说明这是一个虽然比较慈善，却总是有所保留的政权，因此选项C与句意最为贴切。 -
第12题：
单选题A newly developed plastic, prized by engineers for its low weight and its durability , has been developed.Alow cost
Bflexibility
Clong life
Dversatility
正确答案： A解析： durability耐久力。long life长命。low cost低成本。flexibility弹性。versatility多功能。多才多艺。 -
第13题：
4 You are a senior manager in Becker & Co, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants offering audit and assurance
services mainly to large, privately owned companies. The firm has suffered from increased competition, due to two
new firms of accountants setting up in the same town. Several audit clients have moved to the new firms, leading to
loss of revenue, and an over staffed audit department. Bob McEnroe, one of the partners of Becker & Co, has asked
you to consider how the firm could react to this situation. Several possibilities have been raised for your consideration:
1. Murray Co, a manufacturer of electronic equipment, is one of Becker & Co’s audit clients. You are aware that the
company has recently designed a new product, which market research indicates is likely to be very successful.
The development of the product has been a huge drain on cash resources. The managing director of Murray Co
has written to the audit engagement partner to see if Becker & Co would be interested in making an investment
in the new product. It has been suggested that Becker & Co could provide finance for the completion of the
development and the marketing of the product. The finance would be in the form. of convertible debentures.
Alternatively, a joint venture company in which control is shared between Murray Co and Becker & Co could be
established to manufacture, market and distribute the new product.
2. Becker & Co is considering expanding the provision of non-audit services. Ingrid Sharapova, a senior manager in
Becker & Co, has suggested that the firm could offer a recruitment advisory service to clients, specialising in the
recruitment of finance professionals. Becker & Co would charge a fee for this service based on the salary of the
employee recruited. Ingrid Sharapova worked as a recruitment consultant for a year before deciding to train as
an accountant.
3. Several audit clients are experiencing staff shortages, and it has been suggested that temporary staff assignments
could be offered. It is envisaged that a number of audit managers or seniors could be seconded to clients for
periods not exceeding six months, after which time they would return to Becker & Co.
Required:
Identify and explain the ethical and practice management implications in respect of:
(a) A business arrangement with Murray Co. (7 marks)
正确答案：
4 Becker & Co
(a) Joint business arrangement
The business opportunity in respect of Murray Co could be lucrative if the market research is to be believed.
However, IFAC’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants states that a mutual business arrangement is likely to give rise
to self-interest and intimidation threats to independence and objectivity. The audit firm must be and be seen to be independent
of the audit client, which clearly cannot be the case if the audit firm and the client are seen to be working together for a
mutual financial gain.
In the scenario, two options are available. Firstly, Becker & Co could provide the audit client with finance to complete the
development and take the product to market. There is a general prohibition on audit firms providing finance to their audit
clients. This would create a clear financial self-interest threat as the audit firm would be receiving a return on investment from
their client. The Code states that if a firm makes a loan (or guarantees a loan) to a client, the self-interest threat created would
be so significant that no safeguard could reduce the threat to an acceptable level.
The provision of finance using convertible debentures raises a further ethical problem, because if the debentures are ultimately
converted to equity, the audit firm would then hold equity shares in their audit client. This is a severe financial self-interest,
which safeguards are unlikely to be able to reduce to an acceptable level.
The finance should not be advanced to Murray Co while the company remains an audit client of Becker & Co.
The second option is for a joint venture company to be established. This would be perceived as a significant mutual business
interest as Becker & Co and Murray Co would be investing together, sharing control and sharing a return on investment in
the form. of dividends. IFAC’s Code of Ethics states that unless the relationship between the two parties is clearly insignificant,
the financial interest is immaterial, and the audit firm is unable to exercise significant influence, then no safeguards could
reduce the threat to an acceptable level. In this case Becker & Co may not enter into the joint venture arrangement while
Murray Co is still an audit client.
The audit practice may consider that investing in the new electronic product is a commercial strategy that it wishes to pursue,
either through loan finance or using a joint venture arrangement. In this case the firm should resign as auditor with immediate
effect in order to eliminate any ethical problem with the business arrangement. The partners should carefully consider if the
potential return on investment will more than compensate for the lost audit fee from Murray Co.
The partners should also reflect on whether they want to diversify to such an extent – this investment is unlikely to be in an
area where any of the audit partners have much knowledge or expertise. A thorough commercial evaluation and business risk
analysis must be performed on the new product to ensure that it is a sound business decision for the firm to invest.
The audit partners should also consider how much time they would need to spend on this business development, if they
decided to resign as auditors and to go ahead with the investment. Such a new and important project could mean that they
take their focus off the key business i.e. the audit practice. They should consider if it would be better to spend their time trying
to compete effectively with the two new firms of accountants, trying to retain key clients, and to attract new accounting and
audit clients rather than diversify into something completely different. -
第14题：
The reason why the market for large CDs has been active since 1961 may be that the yield is usually higher than Treasury bills.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Doesn't say
正确答案：A
解析：文章最后一段提到The yield on 3-month CDs is usually higher than 3-month Treasury bills…This may explain the extent of the spread。 -
第15题：
East London has traditional ly been an area which has attracted immigrants.The chance to find jobs in London has led to immigrants from many different parts of the world living there.Also, because it was the home of London s docks, it was easy for people to get there by ship.One famous bui lding in Brick Lane has been a church, a synagogue and is now a mosque Nowadays this part of London, which is known as the East End.is home to people from many different parts of the world.including Africa, Asia and the Caribbean.This means that there are many shops and restaurants selling ethnic food.In the past the East End was one of the poorest parts of London, but now it is becoming more fashionable and house prices are rising rapidly.This is because many people want to live near to where they work in the centre of the city.Also improved transport links to both other parts of London and to other countries via the Channel Tunnel train station and Dock lands Airport have attracted more people to the area.
21.East London has()
A.has never been a home for immigrants
B.has recently become a home for immigrants
C.has always been a home for immigrants
22.Immigrants are attracted by()
A.low house prices
B.jobs
C.ethnic food
23.London' s docks were()
A.easy to reach by plane
B.mainly in East London
C.a good place to find work
24.East London()
A.is a cheap place to live
B.has never been a cheap place to live in
C.ued to be a cheap place to live in
25.House prices are rising rapidly because()
A.it has good transport links and more people want to live there near the center of London
B.there are lots of jobs in East London
C.there are lots of good shops and restaurants
参考答案：CBBCA
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第16题：
What is said about Apple Inc.with its tablet devices like iPads?
A．It doubled its sale of e-readers during the Christmas season.
B．It controls 73 percent of the tablet device market.
C．It charges customers less in credit card transaction fees.
D．It has long been selling its traditional personal computers
正确答案：B
根据Excerpt2的开头可知，B项正确。 -
第17题：
If the goods shipped are perishable，low cost goods，live animals，deck cargo，etc．，the freight and all related charges shall be paid ______．
A.At the time of shipment
B.On vessel's arrival
C.At the time of sailing
D.At the time the voyage has been accomplished
正确答案：A
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第18题：
The Open University,one of the great successes of modern Britain,is facing a crisis.On the surface,this centres on the embattled vice-chancellor.Peter Horrocks,whom the staff want to resign.The UCU(University and College Union)branch at the university has passed a motion of no confidence in him.and says he no longer commands the respect of staff.The immediate cause was a remark for which he has been forced to apologise,to the effect that some academics had been allowed"to get away with not teaching for decades",but this came in a context of brutal budget cuts he has proposed.More profoundly.the crisis exposes a huge disagreement about what actually constitutes teaching,and why it is a worthwhile activity.Is it a way to produce exam resulis and certificates of employability,or is the purpose to share whaiever makes a subject worth studying for itself,and to inculcate the skills that will enable students to glimpse and pursue that vision?But the deeper crisis reaches far beyond the vice-chancellor's inadequacies.Some of the challenges facing the university are simply a result of the huge changes in society and technology since it was founded in 1969.In the early days,staff agonised over whether to include colour in their television programmes,since many viewers might still own black and white sets.In those days,too.there was a very large pool of middle-aged people who had been denied tertiary education,and for whom this really was the university of the seconcl chance.But the pool of second chancers has now largely gone the way of black and white televisions.Those are difficulties that would face the university under any administration.So would the widespread competition in the field of distance learning.But with all that said,it is central government that is largely responsible for the difficulties of the OU.The government's conception of higher education as a marketplace where students can shop for qualifications is profoundly destructive to all universities,and the OU is only the most exposed and vulnerable.The introduction,and then the tripling,of tuition fees has wrecked its financial model,so that student numbers have dropped by a third since 2010.The only thing to fall as fast has been the university's rating for student satisfaction,from lst t0 47th.So much for the conception of universities as selling to"customers",rather than teaching students.The university is an institution that enriches the lives of those who attend it.It is on that basis that the government should still recognise,and support,the ideal that everyone deserves access to the benefits of a real university,whatever their past,and whenever they decide they need it.
Peter Horrocks has come under criticism directly due to his《》（）A.improper statement.
B.planned brutal budget cuts.
C.short-sighted teaching vision.
D.infeasible managerial practices.答案：A解析：首段①句明确指出霍洛克斯招致全体教职员工不满的直接原因是“他说过的一句话，为这句话他还被迫道歉过”，可见，霍洛克斯招致教职员工不满的直接原因是其某个不恰当言论，故A.正确。[解题技巧]B.是教职员工不满霍洛克斯的背景，但并非直接原因。C.源自末两句碎片信息ieaching、vision．但文中vision实际指代“某一学科的真知灼见／精华”而非“霍洛克斯的教育卓见”；同时末两句所述“教育()R市场”这一拉锯战是整个教育体制面临的问题，而霍洛克斯本人对“教育OR市场”这一问题的真实看法并不知晓．所以无法确认他的教育设想是短浅还是长远。D.由②③句所述霍洛克斯所处的境地“教职员工想辞退他、大学学院工会对他没有信心、教职员工不再尊敬他”以及第三段administraiion一词凭空捏造出“他的管理实践不可行”，而文中并未提到他的管理措施。 -
第19题：
资料：New York and London may rule the roost, but other financial hubs in America and Europe have managed to carve out useful specialist niches for themselves. Chicago, for instance, has consolidated its position as the world’s derivatives center, and Houston, the largest city in Texas, is home to America’s biggest energy firms and has spawned an active cluster of energy traders and hedge funds.
Europe has also developed a diverse set of financial centers ranging from big cities to island havens such as Jersey and to niche markets such as Luxembourg and Dublin. Edinburg, an established banking center, is now touting itself as a low-cost alternative for financial operations. Among the larger hubs, Frankfurt is an important center for banking and derivatives trading through Eurex, a German-Swiss exchange, with significantly lower costs than London.
Switzerland’s twin financial centers, Geneva and Zurich, have done well in their specialists of private banking, wealth management and insurance. The main attractions are low taxes, political stability and a reputation for discretion. Urs Roth from the Swiss Bankers Association says, however, that given its tiny domestic market, Switzerland has had to fight for open markets on an international scale.
Paris has long lagged far behind London, dogged by a reputation for excessive regulation and high taxes. The new government is aware that some of France’s best financial brains have crossed the Channel for more lucrative careers in London. Yet Paris has many advantages: a large number of international banks; more international companies than Frankfurt; and easy access to regulators. It has the largest market in Europe for trading in mutual funds. Few would dispute that Paris offers an attractive quality of life and has good transport links. What makes Paris a place to watch just now is the NYSE’s recent merger with Euronext. The combined group will base its international equities business in the French capital. Euronext, which operates exchanges in five European countries, also illustrates the importance of a common language.
Financial executives around the world increasingly view Europe as a single market. Soon a new European rule called MiFID （Markets in Financial Instrument Directive） is due to be implemented. It aims to increase competition among and transparency within financial markets. Financiers in other parts of the world are wondering how to achieve a similar degree of cross-border financial integration.
Which of the following is NOT true about Paris, according to the passage?A.Merger of NYSE with Euronext makes it the biggest financial center in Europe.
B.The excessive regulation and high taxes have affected its financial development.
C.Paris has many advantages that may help in its future financial development.
D.Paris offers good quality of life as well as good transport links.答案：A解析：本题考查的是细节理解和同义转换。
【关键词】not true;Paris
【主题句】 第4自然段 Paris has long lagged far behind London,dogged by a reputation for excessive regulation and high taxes.Yet Paris has many advantages:a large number of international banks;more international companies than Frankfurt;and easy access to regulators.It has the largest market in Europe for trading in mutual funds.Few would dispute that Paris offers an attractive quality of life and has good transport links.长期以来，巴黎一直落后于伦敦，因其过度监管和高税收而闻名。然而，巴黎有许多优势：大量的国际银行；比法兰克福更多的国际公司；易于接近监管机构。它拥有欧洲最大的共同基金交易市场。很少有人会质疑，巴黎的生活质量有吸引力，交通也很好。
【解析】本题的问题是“根据文章，以下关于巴黎的说法哪一项是不正确的？”。根据主题句可知，B、C、D均正确，故选A。
本题为选非题， -
第20题：
资料：New York and London may rule the roost, but other financial hubs in America and Europe have managed to carve out useful specialist niches for themselves. Chicago, for instance, has consolidated its position as the world’s derivatives center, and Houston, the largest city in Texas, is home to America’s biggest energy firms and has spawned an active cluster of energy traders and hedge funds.
Europe has also developed a diverse set of financial centers ranging from big cities to island havens such as Jersey and to niche markets such as Luxembourg and Dublin. Edinburg, an established banking center, is now touting itself as a low-cost alternative for financial operations. Among the larger hubs, Frankfurt is an important center for banking and derivatives trading through Eurex, a German-Swiss exchange, with significantly lower costs than London.
Switzerland’s twin financial centers, Geneva and Zurich, have done well in their specialists of private banking, wealth management and insurance. The main attractions are low taxes, political stability and a reputation for discretion. Urs Roth from the Swiss Bankers Association says, however, that given its tiny domestic market, Switzerland has had to fight for open markets on an international scale.
Paris has long lagged far behind London, dogged by a reputation for excessive regulation and high taxes. The new government is aware that some of France’s best financial brains have crossed the Channel for more lucrative careers in London. Yet Paris has many advantages: a large number of international banks; more international companies than Frankfurt; and easy access to regulators. It has the largest market in Europe for trading in mutual funds. Few would dispute that Paris offers an attractive quality of life and has good transport links. What makes Paris a place to watch just now is the NYSE’s recent merger with Euronext. The combined group will base its international equities business in the French capital. Euronext, which operates exchanges in five European countries, also illustrates the importance of a common language.
Financial executives around the world increasingly view Europe as a single market. Soon a new European rule called MiFID （Markets in Financial Instrument Directive） is due to be implemented. It aims to increase competition among and transparency within financial markets. Financiers in other parts of the world are wondering how to achieve a similar degree of cross-border financial integration.
All of the following are advantages of Switzerland’s financial centers EXCEPT .A.low taxation
B.broad domestic market
C.fame for discretion
D.stable political environment答案：B解析：本题考查的是细节理解和同义转换。
【关键词】Switzerland’s financial centers;except
【主题句】第3自然段 The main attractions are low taxes,political stability and a reputation for discretion.主要的吸引力是低税收、政治稳定和谨慎的名声。
【解析】本题的问题是“以下哪一项不是瑞士金融中心的优点？”。根据主题句可知，A、C、D均是瑞士中心的优点，故选B。
本题为选非题， -
第21题：
Which of the following best states the author’s attitude toward the information that scholars have gathered about Proust’s writing in 1909？( )A.The author is disappointed that no new documents have come to light since Fallois’speculations.
B.The author is dissatisfied because there are too many gaps and inconsistencies in the drafts.
C.The author is confident that Fallois’s 1954 guess has been proved largely correct，but regrets that still more detailed documentation concerning Proust’s transition from the essay to the novel has not emerged.
D.The author is satisfied that the facts of Proust’s life in 1909 have been thoroughly established，but believes such documents as drafts and correspondence are only of limited value in a critical assessment of Proust’s writing.答案：C解析：
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第22题：
A company has a business application that provides its users with many different reports： receivables reports， payables reports， revenue projects， and so on.The company has just purchased some new， state-of-the-art，wireless printers， and a programmer has been assigned the task of enhancing all of the reports to use not only the company’s old printers， but the new wireless printers as well.When the programmer starts looking into the application， the programmer discovers that because of the design of the application， it is necessary to make changes to each report to support the new printers. Which two design concepts most likely explain the situation？（）
- A、Inheritance
- B、Low cohesion
- C、Tight coupling
- D、High cohesion
- E、Loose coupling
- F、Object immutablility
正确答案:B,C -
第23题：
单选题Which of the following is the best version of sentences 10 and 11 (reproduced below) ?It is easy to see why this disease has been dismissed and ignored. Its because of it’s vagueness and mystery.AThis disease has been dismissed and ignored because of its vagueness and mystery.
BIt is easy to see why this disease has been dismissed and ignored. It’s because of the vagueness and the mystery.
CVagueness and mystery dismiss and ignore this disease.
DWhy this disease has been dismissed and ignored is because of its vagueness and mystery.
EIt is easy for you to see why this disease has been dismissed and ignored. It is because of the vagueness and mystery.
正确答案： C解析：
A项用最简洁的方式将两个句子结合起来。B，D，E项不流畅。C项改变了句子的意思。