3 Moffat Ltd, which commenced trading on 1 December 2002, supplies and fits tyres and exhaust pipes and servicesmotor vehicles at thirty locations. The directors and middle management are based at the Head Office of Moffat Ltd.Each location has a manager

3 The directors of The Healthy Eating Group (HEG), a successful restaurant chain, which commenced trading in 1998,

have decided to enter the sandwich market in Homeland, its country of operation. It has set up a separate operation

under the name of Healthy Sandwiches Co (HSC). A management team for HSC has been recruited via a recruitment

consultancy which specialises in food sector appointments. Homeland has very high unemployment and the vast

majority of its workforce has no experience in a food manufacturing environment. HSC will commence trading on

1 January 2008.

The following information is available:

(1) HSC has agreed to make and supply sandwiches to agreed recipes for the Superior Food Group (SFG) which

owns a chain of supermarkets in all towns and cities within Homeland. SFG insists that it selects the suppliers

of the ingredients that are used in making the sandwiches it sells and therefore HSC would be unable to reduce

the costs of the ingredients used in the sandwiches. HSC will be the sole supplier for SFG.

(2) The number of sandwiches sold per year in Homeland is 625 million. SFG has a market share of 4%.

(3) The average selling price of all sandwiches sold by SFG is $2·40. SFG wishes to make a mark-up of 331/3% on

all sandwiches sold. 90% of all sandwiches sold by SFG are sold before 2 pm each day. The majority of the

remaining 10% are sold after 8 pm. It is the intention that all sandwiches are sold on the day that they are

delivered into SFG’s supermarkets.

(4) The finance director of HSC has estimated that the average cost of ingredients per sandwich is $0·70. All

sandwiches are made by hand.

(5) Packaging and labelling costs amount to $0·15 per sandwich.

(6) Fixed overheads have been estimated to amount to $5,401,000 per annum. Note that fixed overheads include

all wages and salaries costs as all employees are subject to fixed term employment contracts.

(7) Distribution costs are expected to amount to 8% of HSC’s revenue.

(8) The finance director of HSC has stated that he believes the target sales margin of 32% can be achieved, although

he is concerned about the effect that an increase in the cost of all ingredients would have on the forecast profits

(assuming that all other revenue/cost data remains unchanged).

(9) The existing management information system of HEG was purchased at the time that HEG commenced trading.

The directors are now considering investing in an enterprise resource planning system (ERPS).

Required:

(a) Using only the above information, show how the finance director of HSC reached his conclusion regarding

the expected sales margin and also state whether he was correct to be concerned about an increase in the

price of ingredients. (5 marks)

5 (a) Carver Ltd was incorporated and began trading in August 2002. It is a close company with no associated

companies. It has always prepared accounts to 31 December and will continue to do so in the future.

It has been decided that Carver Ltd will sell its business as a going concern to Blade Ltd, an unconnected

company, on 31 July 2007. Its premises and goodwill will be sold for ￡2,135,000 and ￡290,000 respectively

and its machinery and equipment for ￡187,000. The premises, which do not constitute an industrial building,

were acquired on 1 August 2002 for ￡1,808,000 and the goodwill has been generated internally by the

company. The machinery and equipment cost ￡294,000; no one item will be sold for more than its original cost.

The tax adjusted trading profit of Carver Ltd in 2007, before taking account of both capital allowances and the

sale of the business assets, is expected to be ￡81,000. The balance on the plant and machinery pool for the

purposes of capital allowances as at 31 December 2006 was ￡231,500. Machinery costing ￡38,000 was

purchased on 1 March 2007. Carver Ltd is classified as a small company for the purposes of capital allowances.

On 1 August 2007, the proceeds from the sale of the business will be invested in either an office building or a

portfolio of UK quoted company shares, as follows:

Office building

The office building would be acquired for ￡3,100,000; the vendor is not registered for value added tax (VAT).

Carver Ltd would borrow the additional funds required from a UK bank. The building is let to a number of

commercial tenants who are not connected with Carver Ltd and will pay rent, in total, of ￡54,000 per calendar

quarter, in advance, commencing on 1 August 2007. The company’s expenditure for the period from 1 August

2007 to 31 December 2007 is expected to be:

￡

Loan interest payable to UK bank 16,000

Building maintenance costs 7,500

Share portfolio

Shares would be purchased for the amount of the proceeds from the sale of the business with no need for further

loan finance. It is estimated that the share portfolio would generate dividends of ￡36,000 and capital gains, after

indexation allowance, of ￡10,000 in the period from 1 August 2007 to 31 December 2007.

All figures are stated exclusive of value added tax (VAT).

Required:

(i) Taking account of the proposed sale of the business on 31 July 2007, state with reasons the date(s) on

which Carver Ltd must submit its corporation tax return(s) for the year ending 31 December 2007.

(2 marks)

Centralized management is exercised by a small number of people, the Board of Directors, which is headed by the Chairman (or, in the USA, the President) and decides the overall policy of the ________.

A.society

B.family

C.firm

D.world

3 On 1 January 2007 Dovedale Ltd, a company with no subsidiaries, intends to purchase 65% of the ordinary share

capital of Hira Ltd from Belgrove Ltd. Belgrove Ltd currently owns 100% of the share capital of Hira Ltd and has no

other subsidiaries. All three companies have their head offices in the UK and are UK resident.

Hira Ltd had trading losses brought forward, as at 1 April 2006, of ￡18,600 and no income or gains against which

to offset losses in the year ended 31 March 2006. In the year ending 31 March 2007 the company expects to make

further tax adjusted trading losses of ￡55,000 before deduction of capital allowances, and to have no other income

or gains. The tax written down value of Hira Ltd’s plant and machinery as at 31 March 2006 was ￡96,000 and

there will be no fixed asset additions or disposals in the year ending 31 March 2007. In the year ending 31 March

2008 a small tax adjusted trading loss is anticipated. Hira Ltd will surrender the maximum possible trading losses

to Belgrove Ltd and Dovedale Ltd.

The tax adjusted trading profit of Dovedale Ltd for the year ending 31 March 2007 is expected to be ￡875,000 and

to continue at this level in the future. The profits chargeable to corporation tax of Belgrove Ltd are expected to be

￡38,000 for the year ending 31 March 2007 and to increase in the future.

On 1 February 2007 Dovedale Ltd will sell a small office building to Hira Ltd for its market value of ￡234,000.

Dovedale Ltd purchased the building in March 2005 for ￡210,000. In October 2004 Dovedale Ltd sold a factory

for ￡277,450 making a capital gain of ￡84,217. A claim was made to roll over the gain on the sale of the factory

against the acquisition cost of the office building.

On 1 April 2007 Dovedale Ltd intends to acquire the whole of the ordinary share capital of Atapo Inc, an unquoted

company resident in the country of Morovia. Atapo Inc sells components to Dovedale Ltd as well as to other

companies in Morovia and around the world.

It is estimated that Atapo Inc will make a profit before tax of ￡160,000 in the year ending 31 March 2008 and will

pay a dividend to Dovedale Ltd of ￡105,000. It can be assumed that Atapo Inc’s taxable profits are equal to its profit

before tax. The rate of corporation tax in Morovia is 9%. There is a withholding tax of 3% on dividends paid to

non-Morovian resident shareholders. There is no double tax agreement between the UK and Morovia.

Required:

(a) Advise Belgrove Ltd of any capital gains that may arise as a result of the sale of the shares in Hira Ltd. You

are not required to calculate any capital gains in this part of the question. (4 marks)

(ii) The use of the trading loss of Tethys Ltd for the year ending 31 December 2008; (6 marks)

Following a competitive tender, your audit firm Cal & Co has just gained a new audit client Tirrol Co. You are the manager in charge of planning the audit work. Tirrol Co’s year end is 30 June 2009 with a scheduled date to complete the audit of 15 August 2009. The date now is 3 June 2009.

Tirrol Co provides repair services to motor vehicles from 25 different locations. All inventory, sales and purchasing systems are computerised, with each location maintaining its own computer system. The software in each location is

the same because the programs were written specifically for Tirrol Co by a reputable software house. Data from each location is amalgamated on a monthly basis at Tirrol Co’s head office to produce management and financial accounts.

You are currently planning your audit approach for Tirrol Co. One option being considered is to re-write Cal & Co’s audit software to interrogate the computerised inventory systems in each location of Tirrol Co (except for head office)

as part of inventory valuation testing. However, you have also been informed that any computer testing will have to be on a live basis and you are aware that July is a major holiday period for your audit firm.

Required:

(a) (i) Explain the benefits of using audit software in the audit of Tirrol Co; (4 marks)

(ii) Explain the problems that may be encountered in the audit of Tirrol Co and for each problem, explain

how that problem could be overcome. (10 marks)

(b) Following a discussion with the management at Tirrol Co you now understand that the internal audit department are prepared to assist with the statutory audit. Specifically, the chief internal auditor is prepared to provide you with documentation on the computerised inventory systems at Tirrol Co. The documentation provides details of the software and shows diagrammatically how transactions are processed through the inventory system. This documentation can be used to significantly decrease the time needed to understand the computer systems and enable audit software to be written for this year’s audit.

Required:

Explain how you will evaluate the computer systems documentation produced by the internal audit

department in order to place reliance on it during your audit. (6 marks)