3 Mark Howe, Managing Director of Auto Direct, is a victim of his own success. Mark has created an innovative wayof selling cars to the public which takes advantage of the greater freedom given to independent car distributors tomarket cars more aggressive
题目
3 Mark Howe, Managing Director of Auto Direct, is a victim of his own success. Mark has created an innovative way
of selling cars to the public which takes advantage of the greater freedom given to independent car distributors to
market cars more aggressively within the European Union. This reduces the traditional control and interference of the
automobile manufacturers, some of whom own their distributors. He has opened a number of showrooms in the
London region and by 2004 Auto Direct had 20 outlets in and around London. The concept is deceptively simple;
Mark buys cars from wherever he can source them most cheaply and has access to all of the leading volume car
models. He then concentrates on selling the cars to the public, leaving servicing and repair work to other specialist
garages. He offers a classic high volume/low margin business model.
Mark now wants to develop this business model onto a national and eventually an international basis. His immediate
plans are to grow the number of outlets by 50% each year for the next three years. Such growth will place
considerable strain on the existing organisation and staff. Each showroom has its own management team, sales
personnel and administration. Currently the 20 showrooms are grouped into a Northern and Southern Sales Division
with a small head office team for each division. Auto Direct now employs 250 people.
Mark now needs to communicate the next three-year phase of the company’s ambitious growth plans to staff and is
anxious to get an understanding of staff attitudes towards the company and its growth plans. He is aware that you
are a consultant used to advising firms on the changes associated with rapid growth and the way to generate positive
staff attitudes to change.
Required:
(a) Using appropriate strategies for managing change provide Mark with a brief report on how he can best create
a positive staff response to the proposed growth plans. (12 marks)
相似考题
更多“3 Mark Howe, Managing Director of Auto Direct, is a victim of his own success. Mark has created an innovative wayof selling cars to the public which takes advantage of the greater freedom given to independent car distributors tomarket cars more aggressive”相关问题
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第1题：
Ⅲ. Cloze (30 points)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Times have changed and the ideas of the young and the old about the same thing are often ill contra diction. For example, parents and teenagers often disagree about the amount of freedom and responsibility that young people (21) to have. The teenager is more independent and often wants to be (22) to choose his own friends, select his own courses in school, plan for his own vocational (23) , and earn and spend his own money, and generally (24) his own life in a more independent (25) than many parents are able to (26) .
Most problems (27) teenagers and their parents yield to (导致) (28) planning and decision making. Within ally particular family, (29) are avoided and problems are solved when all of the persons take (30) in the situation, and (31) in working it out. (32) parents and young people learn how to get (33) well with each other and develop skills in understanding and (34) understood, even (35) most difficult problems are relieved and a situation might appear that teenagers and their parents can some times see eye to eye.
21. A. is
B. should
C. will
D. are
正确答案：D21．答案为D 此处测试基本句型。看选项，注意其中的is和are，它们都可以与to have连用。英文中的be to do为一种句型，be to后面接动词不定式，用于表示“责任、义务、意图、约定、可能性”等，一般翻译成“必须”。在本句中，决定be的形式的词为people，故选D为答案。
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第2题：
阅读短文，判断句子正误，正确的写T，错误的写F 。
In recent years, the Chinese auto industry has seen rapid growth, with the demand on private cars rising sharply in Chinese cities since 2002.
By 2009, China has replaced the U.S. to become the world's largest auto market. As an important part of the world car industry, the global auto industry will shift further to China. This brings historical opportunity to China's auto market.
Currently, both the development of China's auto market and the changes in consumer demand for vehicles are ever -increasing. China's auto industry will continue to grow in the next decade. It means there is still huge room for its development. China has an urban population of more than 600million. It also has a huge agricultural vehicle market in the rural areas. Hence, there is no doubt for China's development of auto industry. That is also the reason why the world's auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market.
()26. The demand on private cars increased greatly in Chinese cities since 2002.
()27. China has become the world's largest auto market.
()28. China's auto industry tends to decrease in the next decade.
()29. China has an urban population of less than 600 million.
()30. The reason why the world's auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market is that China's auto industry developed very quickly.
参考答案：26-30：T T F F F
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第3题：
III阅读理解（20分）
A
There are many different kinds of cars in the world． My uncle thinks this is because cars are like their drivers． He says: "Rich people have expensive cars，big people have large cars，and old people drive old cars． "But I don-t agree with him．
My neighbor，Mrs Hill，is 82 years old． She drives only to the bank on Tuesdays． She never drives more than 30 kilometers an hour． Do you think Mrs Hill has a very old and small car? No! Her car is new．lt-s very large，and it can g0 200 kilometers an hour!
My friend Mike is an artist． He draws beautiful pictures with lots of colors． But his car is black! Mrs Bates has a very，very old car．lt often has engine trouble． Does she drive that kind of car because she is poor? No，she has four factories and two million dollars in the bank． My aunt Mary has a very small car． Every Sunday，she．drives to the country with her husband，her three children，her mother and their dog．
Now，you have read about some people and their cars． Do you agree with my uncle? Maybe your family have cars． Do you want to say something about them?'
( )21． What does the writer-s uncle think of cars and their drivers?
A． Big people drive small cars．
B． Old people drive new cars．
C． Poor people have expensive cars．
D． Rich people have dear cars．
正确答案：D
Ⅲ．21.D【解析】从文中第一段第三句作者叔叔说的话中“...Rich people have expensive cars”可知答案． -
第4题：
共用题干
Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzing with a brain,and coordination between hands,feet and brain.A man has sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzes through his brain,and maintains coordination between his hands and brains.He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body._______(46)Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab,but there is in fact a virtual driver. This virtual driver has eyes,brains,hands and feet too.The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right.If you open the boot,you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system:a built-in computer._______(47)The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at,analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path,and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain,the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. _______(48)However,it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react,and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control,the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably.In this case,is it possible for us to let it have the wheel at any time and in any place?_______(49)With its limited ability to recognize things,the car can now only travel on expressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes._______(50)This being the case,people still have high hopes about driverless cars,and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.________（49）
A:Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B:In the near future,intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C:This is the brain of the car.
D:But how does an intelligent car control itself?
E:It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F:However,it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.答案：A解析：D项中的control直接出现在空格的前句中，空格前句在讲述他（人）如何操作汽车，D项用连接词but提出与空格前句相比较的内容“智能汽车的驾驶”。
C项中的the brain出现在空格后句中，而且C项中的this在空格前句中有指代的内容为“a built-in computer"。
空格后句中出现了篇章逻辑词however，因此排除F项（提示：两个转折句不可能接连出现）。E项中的millisecond与空格后句中的second是主题相关词，因此首先关注E项。E项中的代词it在空格前句中有呼应的内容“the virtual driver"，因此E项是正确答案。
空格前句提出问题，因此空格处很可能出现对该问题进行回答的语句，因此排除F项（转折句）。剩下的选项中，选项A中的we与空格前句中的us呼应，而选项A中的代词that指代“let it have the wheel at any time and in any place．让它在任何时候、任何地点驾驶汽车”，因此A项是正确答案。
选项F中的recognize , marking（记号）和road（道路）分别与空格前句中的recognize, mark（标志）和lane（车道）形成呼应，而F项中的代词it在前文中有指代的内容，指代前句中的intelligent car，因此F项是正确答案。 -
第5题：
共用题干
A Ride in a Cable-car
A ride in a cable-car is one of the exciting and enjoyable experiences a child can have.In
Switzerland,which is the home of the cable-car,it is used mostly to take tourists up the slope of a mountain,to a restaurant from which one can have a bird-eye view of the surrounding country, or to a top of a ski-run,from which,in winter,skiers glide down the snow covered the slope on skis .In Singapore,however,the cable-car takes one from the summit of a hill on the main island to a low hill on Sentosa,a resort island just off the southern coast.
The cable-car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air.
It moves along the cable with other cars on pulleys,the wheels of which are turned by electric motors. The cars are painted in eye-catching colours and spaced at regular intervals.Each car can seat up six persons.After the passengers have entered a car,they are locked in from outside by an attendant,they have no control over the movement of the car.
Before long,the passengers get a breath-taking view through the glass windows of the modern city,the bustling harbour,and the several islands off the coast. The car is suspended so high in the air that slips on the sea look like small boats,and boats like toys.On a clear day,both the sky above and the sea below look beautifully blue.
In contrast to the fast-moving traffic on the ground,the cars in the air move in a leisurely manner,allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery during the brief trip to the island of Sentosa.After a few hours on Sentosa,it will be time again to take a cable-car back to Mount Faber. The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip.Which of the following about the cable-cars is true?
A: The cars move along the steel cable.
B: The cars are operated by a driver.
C: The cars are controlled by the passengers.
D: The cars move on wheels.答案：A解析：选项A、B和D所涉及的情况都在瑞士，这在第一段可以看到。唯有C选项谈新加坡的情况，所以选项C是正确答案。
缆车是由马达带动的，没有驾驶员和轮子，也不受乘客控制。根据文中提示“The cable-car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air.”所以正确答案是A。
从上下来看，乘客所看到的惊险景色是因为“The car is suspended so high in the air that ships on the sea look like small boats , and boats like toys.”所以答案选B。
旅程虽短，但是“The cars in the air move in a leisurely manner, allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery”，所以答案应该选A。
no less than意为“不比……少”,“和……一样”，所以正确答案应该选C。 -
第6题：
资料：Google and Uber have grabbed most of the attention regarding the advent of self-driving cars, but on Sunday, Lyft threw down the ultimate challenge: A majority of autonomous vehicles for Lyft within a mere five years.
The bold claim was made by Lyft co-founder John Zimmer in a post on Medium outlining his company's vision for the next decade.
"Within five years a fully autonomous fleet of cars will provide the majority of Lyft rides across the country," said Zimmer, indicating that early versions of such cars have been in operation in San Francisco and Phoenix.
Usually when tech founders lay out their vision, it’s typical to hear grand claims that almost push the boundaries of believability. That's what tech innovation is about. But in the case of self-driving cars, the situation is a bit more complicated.
Uber has already begun rolling out self-driving car tests in Pittsburgh and Google is hard at work on the same kind of solution on the West Coast. Therefore, talk of getting self-driving cars on the road is, at this point, less about the technology and more about logistics. We know Google has enough cash to triple down on any initiative it decides to tackle. And as the current ride-sharing leader in the U.S., Uber has enough market share-powered credibility that a future including self-driving Uber cars isn't unrealistic.
Today there are some internet-based ride sharing system but to overcome the critical mass the system has to be real-time, automated and extremely easy to use.
However in the case of Lyft, which continues to struggle against Uber (one report claims that Uber has over 80 percent market share in the U.S.), such a short timeline toward rolling out a fleet of self-driving cars seems somewhat ambitious. Nevertheless, Zimmer continues his vision essay with even more bold predictions.
"By 2025, private car ownership will all but end in major U.S. cities," says Zimmer, a prediction that, if it turns out to be true, would mean it would take just eight years for the majority of the human-driven cars on U.S. roads to disappear. Possible? Sure. Likely? Eight years seems like, once again, a bit of wishful thinking on Zimmer's part.
Remember, it hasn't even been 10 years since the arrival of the iPhone, and as recent events prove, smartphones are still a category that can yield catastrophic results if not done right. And those are just mobile devices, not vehicles entrusted with transporting and protecting human lives.
To be fair, Zimmer's essay does offer some facts and figures in an attempt to back up his positions, but much of it doesn't appear to take into account variables such as the heavily embedded interests of automobile companies still relying on consumer auto sales, as well as the many legal and roadway logistics that will need to be addressed in order to bring about this massive transformation in such a short time.
Oddly, Zimmer's vision does little to address the millions of human jobs that will be lost once self-driving cars displace not only taxi drivers, but truck drivers.
"We believe that in the first five or more years following the introduction of autonomous vehicles, the need for human drivers will actually increase, not decrease," writes Zimmer. "When autonomous cars can only solve a portion of those trips, more Lyft drivers will be needed to provide service to the growing market of former car owners," writes Zimmer.
But what about after five years, when autonomous cars can provide full service? What about the human drivers? The pushback from human drivers losing work will likely be another, major ripple in the evolution of self-driving cars, as well as other automated systems entering U.S. society in coming years.
However, none of these logistical issues diminish Zimmer's ideas. His vision of the future of autonomous vehicles seems quite logical and in step with most who work in and watch the space closely. But the speed bump in accepting his vision wholesale is his ambitious self-driving car timeline in general, and for Lyft in particular.
A.We need to reach everyone’s potential to realize self-driving cars
B.There are still many problems to be solved in self-driving cars
C.Lyft co-founder says most of its cars will be autonomous in 5 years
D.The advantages and disadvantages of self-driving cars答案：C解析：本题考查主旨大意。
【关键词】best title of the passage
【主题句】but on Sunday Lyft threw down the ultimate challenge: A majority of autonomous vehicles for Lyft within a mere five years. 但是在周六，叫车应用“来福”（Lyft）抛出了终极挑战：在仅仅五年后，大部分来福车将是自动驾驶车辆。
【解析】题目意为“文章最好的题目是？”选项A意为“我们需要开发每个人的潜力来实现自动驾驶汽车”，选项B意为“实现自动驾驶汽车还有很多问题需要解决”，选项C意为“Lyft联合创始人说大部分汽车将在五年内实现自动驾驶”，选项D意为“自动驾驶汽车的优缺点”，本篇文章文体是社会新闻类，此类文体往往在开篇抛出新闻事件，同时也是全文的核心内容，因此答案C正确。 -
第7题：
资料：“Our cars are for people who want something different.”
This has been the slogan for over 50 years of Suprema Cars, a manufacturer of an English sports car. The car is mostly handmade in the company's factory in northern England. Suprema Car produces approximately 500 cars a year. About 5 years ago, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss.
Recently, there have been problems with the labor force. The factory workers have demand higher wages and better working conditions. They are also unhappy because the management is insisting that they increase production, but the workers think this will have a bad effect on the quality of the cars.
The company still has many loyal customers. People buy Suprema sports cars because they are handmade and have an image of quality and craftsmanship.
What kind services does Suprema Cars provide?A.It designs classic car models.
B.It produces hand-made cars.
C.It research and develop car-related technologies.
D.It creates advertisements for the cars.答案：B解析：本题的问题是“Suprema汽车提供什么样的服务？”。选项A意为“它设计经典的汽车模型”；选项B意为“它生产手工制造的汽车”；选项C意为“它研究和开发汽车相关技术”；选项D意为“它为汽车制作广告”。根据主题句可知，Suprema汽车生产手工制造的车，故选B。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Car Crime
1. A million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day.The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The Automobile Associ-ation(AA)has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and some-times longer as drivers buy drinks,sweets,cigarettes and other consumer items.With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common,it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes,providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.
2. For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crimes .An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK.Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down.
3. Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft,almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists.Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness.The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period.A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.
4. There are many other traps to avoid.The AA has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots-ust the places thieves' love.The AA advises drives to park in places with people around-thieves don't like audiences.In the past decade there has been a big______.
A: the carelessness of the drivers
B: increase in the number of cars stolen
C: non-professional thieves
D: lack of parking space
E: safe parking spots
F: professional thieves答案：B解析：该段最后一句（总结句）提到司机的离车不锁车门给盔车造成很好的机会。
第二段段首句的含义为“近十多年来，汽车犯罪比其他犯罪有一个大的增长。”而B句的含义为“汽车盗窃的上升”，此句义与该段段首句的含义吻合。因此，B是合适的选择。
第三段段首句的含义为“尽管参与汽车犯罪中有职业的罪犯，但90％的汽车盗窃是由抓住机会盗窃的人干的。”而选项C中就包含了opportunity这一线索词，因此C是合适的选择。
第四段段首句的含义为“有许多其他的陷阱需要避免。”选项A说“安全停放车辆”，选项D说“反盗窃的组织”，而很容易就能在第四段中发现多处parking这样的词，依据此判断A是合适的选择。
to blame… on…含义为“把……归罪于……”，此问题句的语义为“大多数的汽车犯罪应归罪于什么”，根据做前面的题所了解的信息可知司机的不小心是诱因，所以答案是A。
在选项B、C、D、E和F这些备选答案中，big只能与选项B中increase连用，所以答案肯定是B。
此问题句的语义为“大多数的汽车犯罪是由……造成的。”，根据做前面的题所了解的信息可知应该是非职业的罪犯干的，所以答案是C。
答案相关句在第四段的第二句和第三句。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Car Crime
1. A million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day.The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The Automobile Associ-ation(AA)has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and some-times longer as drivers buy drinks,sweets,cigarettes and other consumer items.With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common,it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes,providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.
2. For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crimes .An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK.Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down.
3. Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft,almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists.Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness.The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period.A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.
4. There are many other traps to avoid.The AA has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots-ust the places thieves' love.The AA advises drives to park in places with people around-thieves don't like audiences.Car drivers are found to be careless in choosing______.
A: the carelessness of the drivers
B: increase in the number of cars stolen
C: non-professional thieves
D: lack of parking space
E: safe parking spots
F: professional thieves答案：E解析：该段最后一句（总结句）提到司机的离车不锁车门给盔车造成很好的机会。
第二段段首句的含义为“近十多年来，汽车犯罪比其他犯罪有一个大的增长。”而B句的含义为“汽车盗窃的上升”，此句义与该段段首句的含义吻合。因此，B是合适的选择。
第三段段首句的含义为“尽管参与汽车犯罪中有职业的罪犯，但90％的汽车盗窃是由抓住机会盗窃的人干的。”而选项C中就包含了opportunity这一线索词，因此C是合适的选择。
第四段段首句的含义为“有许多其他的陷阱需要避免。”选项A说“安全停放车辆”，选项D说“反盗窃的组织”，而很容易就能在第四段中发现多处parking这样的词，依据此判断A是合适的选择。
to blame… on…含义为“把……归罪于……”，此问题句的语义为“大多数的汽车犯罪应归罪于什么”，根据做前面的题所了解的信息可知司机的不小心是诱因，所以答案是A。
在选项B、C、D、E和F这些备选答案中，big只能与选项B中increase连用，所以答案肯定是B。
此问题句的语义为“大多数的汽车犯罪是由……造成的。”，根据做前面的题所了解的信息可知应该是非职业的罪犯干的，所以答案是C。
答案相关句在第四段的第二句和第三句。 -
第10题：
单选题Oil is a nonrenewable resource, whereas sunshine is limitless. So why not run cars on solar power? Because a car powered by solar collecting panels would be fine on a sunny day, but as soon as the sun went behind a cloud, the car would no longer function. Which of the following is presupposed in the argument against running a car on solar power?ASolar power is cleaner than fossil fuels, and it involves less geopolitical risk.
BIn most of the northern hemisphere, it can be expected that more than 150 days a year will be cloudy.
CNo system exists for storing solar energy for a car’s use when the car is not in direct sunlight.
DNo one has yet introduced a commercially viable process for mass-producing solar cells that convert more than 10 percent of incoming sunlight into usable energy.
EConsumers accustomed to the rapid acceleration of gasoline-powered cars will not accept the weak acceleration of solar-powered cars.
正确答案： C解析：
文段中提到，只要太阳一下山太阳能轿车就无法使用，可以推断得出此结论的前提是：不存在某种太阳能存储装置，故本题应选C项。 -
第11题：
单选题Which of the following is true according to the fourth paragraph?AMore and more Japanese cars are sold in Detroit recently.
BDomestic cars still hold the bigger market share in America.
CChrysler’s market share has never been surpassed by Toyota.
DKorean cars are less popular than Japanese cars in America.
正确答案： B解析：
事实细节题。由题干定位至第四段。本段首句讲到，消费者品味的改变使得日本汽车制造商获益；尽管美国本土汽车制造商市场份额受到冲击，但其占有量仍超过了50％，知A错，B正确；由段中Toyota’s market share hit 15.2 percent — eclipsing that of Chrysler for the first time ever.的eclipsing“使黯然失色，超过”可知C错；文中只讲到两国汽车的销量，并未提及汽车的质量，排除D。 -
第12题：
单选题A car manufacturer periodically discounts certain car models to its dealers to coincide with intensive advertising campaigns focused on those cars. After analyzing the results of this program, the manufacturer found that sales of the discounted cars was strong, but it also concluded that it could reap greater profits if it did not hold promotions in this way. Which of the following statements, if true, best accounts for the manufacturer’s conclusion about profitability?ASome consumers worry that discounted cars are more likely to be defective.
BThe car manufacturer had not been effective in controlling the production costs of the cars, and these rising costs ate into the manufacturer’s profits.
CAlthough dealers requested large numbers of the cars at discounted prices, they generally sold the cars at the normal retail price, thereby keeping more of the profit for themselves.
DMany consumers buy large-ticket items, such as cars, only when they are on sale.
EThe manufacturer’s intensive advertising campaign did not sufficiently emphasize the cars’ high levels of performance on road tests.
正确答案： C解析：
C项表明，如果经销商可以按照原价销售汽车，那么生产商应该可以按照原价讲汽车卖给经销商，这样生产商可以获得更多利润，故本题应选C项。 -
第13题：
PPHC and Gooseneck are two organizations that do similar community work. Each has hired a new staff member to make contact with and provide services to new parents.
Elaine has accepted a job with PPHC. She has a degree in psychology but has never done this type of work before. On her first day, after showing her to her desk and introducing her to colleagues, the director gives her a town map and a list of the names of the families she will be responsible for, and wishes her luck. After lunch, Elaine sets out to contact the families, worried about what she'll do or say when she meets them.
Mark has a degree similar to Elaine's, and has just been hired by Gooseneck. On his first day, he learns that his job will consist of training for the next week. Mark spends two days going on family visits with experienced staff members, and discusses with them what they did and why. He role-plays some situations with other staff members, and gets some direct instruction from them. By the following week, when he's on his own, he feels he has a pretty good idea of what he needs to do, and how to go about it. And he knows that his training will continue.
Which situation would you rather be in, being thrown into the thick of things with no training or being trained to prepare for the work you're going to do?
21. What are PPHC and Gooseneck?
A. They are two companies that do similar business.
B. They are two organizations that do different community work.
C. They are two organizations that do similar community work.
22. Which degree does Elaine have?
A. Psychology degree.
B. Physiology degree.
C. Sociology degree.
23. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Elaine has done this type of community work so her organization doesn't provide staff training.
B. Mark has a clear idea of his job after the training.
C. Mark knows his training comes to an end.
24. How is Mark trained to be prepared for his work?
A. Mark spends two days on family visits with experienced staff members and discuss with them.
B. Mark role-plays some situations with other staff members and gets some direct instruction from them.
C.Both A and B.
25. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The importance of training.
B. Different training ways.
C. Elaine's and Mark's work experience.
参考答案：21-25：CBBCA
-
第14题：
Motor vehicles powered by the internal combustion engines are responsible for over 80 percent of the deadly carbon monoxide as well as the cancer-causing substances in the air. Eighty-nine percent of the vehicles on the road in Massachusetts are privately owned and are often operated with only one person in the car. If people would use public transportation instead of their cars, air pollution levels could be significantly lowered. Thirty percent of the land in downtown Boston is devoted to cars. Where there are garages, there could be gardens. Where there are highways, there should be homes and places to work and play. Studies show that people today show a greater hearing loss with age than ever before. Much of this is due to car-horns, loud engines and general traffic noise.
The cost of a personal car is high to the individual. The average person pays about $2,000 per car per year in gasoline, insurance, taxes, and maintenance. But for society as a whole, personal cars are a luxury we cannot afford. We pay in death from auto accidents, in poor health from air pollution, in loss of hearing from noise pollution, and in the destruction of our cities by the ever-increasing number of highways.
1、It is ____ that are the main cause of the air pollution in Boston.
A、vehicles in general
B、the public transportation systems
C、carbon monoxides
D、personal motor vehicles
2、The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to _____.
A、remind people of the danger of air pollution
B、warn people of the danger of accidents
C、urge people to use private cars as less as possible
D、ask the Boston government to build more homes and gardens
3、According to the last paragraph, ______.
A、the cost of personal cars is high to the individuals but not to the society
B、an average car costs about $2,000 inBoston
C、personal cars are so expensive that most people cannot afford
D、society as a whole suffers much from the ever-increasing number of cars
4、It is implied but not stated that ______.
A、garages, highways and parking areas occupy nearly one third of the total Boston downtown area.
B、because of highways, people in Boston have no more homes and places to live, work and play.
C、C garages have replaced most of the gardens in Boston
D、Boston is the most seriously polluted city in the U.S.
5、The best title for this passage is “ ______.”
A、Air Pollution in Boston
B、More Homes, More Plays for People
C、Cars Are Too Expensive
D、Public Transportation, A Solution to Air Pollution
参考答案：DCDCD
-
第15题：
As compared to carbon dioxide, dry chemical has which advantage? ______.
A.Cleaner
B.Effective on metal fires
C.Greater range
D.More cooling effect
正确答案：C
与CO2相比，干粉灭火器有哪些优点？作用距离更远. -
第16题：
共用题干
A Ride in a Cable-car
A ride in a cable-car is one of the exciting and enjoyable experiences a child can have.In
Switzerland,which is the home of the cable-car,it is used mostly to take tourists up the slope of a mountain,to a restaurant from which one can have a bird-eye view of the surrounding country, or to a top of a ski-run,from which,in winter,skiers glide down the snow covered the slope on skis .In Singapore,however,the cable-car takes one from the summit of a hill on the main island to a low hill on Sentosa,a resort island just off the southern coast.
The cable-car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air.
It moves along the cable with other cars on pulleys,the wheels of which are turned by electric motors. The cars are painted in eye-catching colours and spaced at regular intervals.Each car can seat up six persons.After the passengers have entered a car,they are locked in from outside by an attendant,they have no control over the movement of the car.
Before long,the passengers get a breath-taking view through the glass windows of the modern city,the bustling harbour,and the several islands off the coast. The car is suspended so high in the air that slips on the sea look like small boats,and boats like toys.On a clear day,both the sky above and the sea below look beautifully blue.
In contrast to the fast-moving traffic on the ground,the cars in the air move in a leisurely manner,allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery during the brief trip to the island of Sentosa.After a few hours on Sentosa,it will be time again to take a cable-car back to Mount Faber. The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip.The cable-car in Singapore______.
A: takes visitors up to a mountain restaurant
B: takes skiers to the top of a ski-run
C: takes visitors to Sentosa
D: takes visitors to a high mountain答案：C解析：选项A、B和D所涉及的情况都在瑞士，这在第一段可以看到。唯有C选项谈新加坡的情况，所以选项C是正确答案。
缆车是由马达带动的，没有驾驶员和轮子，也不受乘客控制。根据文中提示“The cable-car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air.”所以正确答案是A。
从上下来看，乘客所看到的惊险景色是因为“The car is suspended so high in the air that ships on the sea look like small boats , and boats like toys.”所以答案选B。
旅程虽短，但是“The cars in the air move in a leisurely manner, allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery”，所以答案应该选A。
no less than意为“不比……少”,“和……一样”，所以正确答案应该选C。 -
第17题：
共用题干
A Ride in a Cable-car
A ride in a cable-car is one of the exciting and enjoyable experiences a child can have.In
Switzerland,which is the home of the cable-car,it is used mostly to take tourists up the slope of a mountain,to a restaurant from which one can have a bird-eye view of the surrounding country, or to a top of a ski-run,from which,in winter,skiers glide down the snow covered the slope on skis .In Singapore,however,the cable-car takes one from the summit of a hill on the main island to a low hill on Sentosa,a resort island just off the southern coast.
The cable-car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air.
It moves along the cable with other cars on pulleys,the wheels of which are turned by electric motors. The cars are painted in eye-catching colours and spaced at regular intervals.Each car can seat up six persons.After the passengers have entered a car,they are locked in from outside by an attendant,they have no control over the movement of the car.
Before long,the passengers get a breath-taking view through the glass windows of the modern city,the bustling harbour,and the several islands off the coast. The car is suspended so high in the air that slips on the sea look like small boats,and boats like toys.On a clear day,both the sky above and the sea below look beautifully blue.
In contrast to the fast-moving traffic on the ground,the cars in the air move in a leisurely manner,allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery during the brief trip to the island of Sentosa.After a few hours on Sentosa,it will be time again to take a cable-car back to Mount Faber. The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip.The short trip does not bother passengers who want a good view because______.
A: the cars move slowly
B: the cars move quickly
C: the cars are suspended very high
D: the cars have glass windows答案：A解析：选项A、B和D所涉及的情况都在瑞士，这在第一段可以看到。唯有C选项谈新加坡的情况，所以选项C是正确答案。
缆车是由马达带动的，没有驾驶员和轮子，也不受乘客控制。根据文中提示“The cable-car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air.”所以正确答案是A。
从上下来看，乘客所看到的惊险景色是因为“The car is suspended so high in the air that ships on the sea look like small boats , and boats like toys.”所以答案选B。
旅程虽短，但是“The cars in the air move in a leisurely manner, allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery”，所以答案应该选A。
no less than意为“不比……少”,“和……一样”，所以正确答案应该选C。 -
第18题：
资料：“Our cars are for people who want something different.”
This has been the slogan for over 50 years of Suprema Cars, a manufacturer of an English sports car. The car is mostly handmade in the company's factory in northern England. Suprema Car produces approximately 500 cars a year. About 5 years ago, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss.
Recently, there have been problems with the labor force. The factory workers have demand higher wages and better working conditions. They are also unhappy because the management is insisting that they increase production, but the workers think this will have a bad effect on the quality of the cars.
The company still has many loyal customers. People buy Suprema sports cars because they are handmade and have an image of quality and craftsmanship.
Which of the following is NOT a problem that Suprema Cars is facing?A.Customers’ distrust of products.
B.A financial loss.
C.Unhappy workers.
D.Loss on sales and market share.答案：A解析：本题的问题是“以下哪一项不是Suprema汽车面临的问题？”。选项A意为“客户对产品的不信任”；选项B意为“经济损失”；选项C意为“不快乐的工人”；选项D意为“失去销售和市场份额”。根据主题句可知，B、C、D选项均有提及，故选A。 -
第19题：
资料：Google and Uber have grabbed most of the attention regarding the advent of self-driving cars, but on Sunday, Lyft threw down the ultimate challenge: A majority of autonomous vehicles for Lyft within a mere five years.
The bold claim was made by Lyft co-founder John Zimmer in a post on Medium outlining his company's vision for the next decade.
"Within five years a fully autonomous fleet of cars will provide the majority of Lyft rides across the country," said Zimmer, indicating that early versions of such cars have been in operation in San Francisco and Phoenix.
Usually when tech founders lay out their vision, it’s typical to hear grand claims that almost push the boundaries of believability. That's what tech innovation is about. But in the case of self-driving cars, the situation is a bit more complicated.
Uber has already begun rolling out self-driving car tests in Pittsburgh and Google is hard at work on the same kind of solution on the West Coast. Therefore, talk of getting self-driving cars on the road is, at this point, less about the technology and more about logistics. We know Google has enough cash to triple down on any initiative it decides to tackle. And as the current ride-sharing leader in the U.S., Uber has enough market share-powered credibility that a future including self-driving Uber cars isn't unrealistic.
Today there are some internet-based ride sharing system but to overcome the critical mass the system has to be real-time, automated and extremely easy to use.
However in the case of Lyft, which continues to struggle against Uber (one report claims that Uber has over 80 percent market share in the U.S.), such a short timeline toward rolling out a fleet of self-driving cars seems somewhat ambitious. Nevertheless, Zimmer continues his vision essay with even more bold predictions.
"By 2025, private car ownership will all but end in major U.S. cities," says Zimmer, a prediction that, if it turns out to be true, would mean it would take just eight years for the majority of the human-driven cars on U.S. roads to disappear. Possible? Sure. Likely? Eight years seems like, once again, a bit of wishful thinking on Zimmer's part.
Remember, it hasn't even been 10 years since the arrival of the iPhone, and as recent events prove, smartphones are still a category that can yield catastrophic results if not done right. And those are just mobile devices, not vehicles entrusted with transporting and protecting human lives.
To be fair, Zimmer's essay does offer some facts and figures in an attempt to back up his positions, but much of it doesn't appear to take into account variables such as the heavily embedded interests of automobile companies still relying on consumer auto sales, as well as the many legal and roadway logistics that will need to be addressed in order to bring about this massive transformation in such a short time.
Oddly, Zimmer's vision does little to address the millions of human jobs that will be lost once self-driving cars displace not only taxi drivers, but truck drivers.
"We believe that in the first five or more years following the introduction of autonomous vehicles, the need for human drivers will actually increase, not decrease," writes Zimmer. "When autonomous cars can only solve a portion of those trips, more Lyft drivers will be needed to provide service to the growing market of former car owners," writes Zimmer.
But what about after five years, when autonomous cars can provide full service? What about the human drivers? The pushback from human drivers losing work will likely be another, major ripple in the evolution of self-driving cars, as well as other automated systems entering U.S. society in coming years.
However, none of these logistical issues diminish Zimmer's ideas. His vision of the future of autonomous vehicles seems quite logical and in step with most who work in and watch the space closely. But the speed bump in accepting his vision wholesale is his ambitious self-driving car timeline in general, and for Lyft in particular.
A.At almost unprecedented moment in history, we should reach our potential to decide whether to take the right path
B.At almost unprecedented moment in history we should reach our potential to decide whether to take decisive action
C.At almost unprecedented moment history,we should reach our potential to choose the right answers to all the problems encountered by us
D.At almost unprecedented moment in history we should our potential to realize the advent of the era of self-driving cars答案：D解析：本题考查细节理解。
【关键词】last paragraph;true
【主题句】 what I do know is that decisive action must be taken by all of us-business leaders, policymakers ,city planners and citizens-to realize the full potential of this almost unprecedented moment in history.我所知道的是，所有商界领袖、政策制定者、城市规划者和公民都必须采取果断行动，以充分发挥这一史无前例的历史时刻的潜力。
【解析】题目意为“根据文章以下哪项是正确的？”选项A意为“在历史上几乎是前所未有的时刻，我们应该发挥我们的潜力，决定是否走正确的道路。”选项B意为“在历史上几乎是前所未有的时刻，我们应发挥我们的潜力，决定是否采取果断行动。”选项C意为“在几乎前所未有的历史时刻，我们应该发挥我们的潜力，为我们所遇到的所有问题选择正确的答案。”选项D意为“在历史上几乎是前所未有的时刻，我们应该发挥我们的潜力，实现自动驾驶汽车时代的到来。”全文介绍的是自动驾驶汽车的发展状况和问题以及前景，根据主题句，只有选项D符合。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Car Crime
1. A million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day.The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The Automobile Associ-ation(AA)has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and some-times longer as drivers buy drinks,sweets,cigarettes and other consumer items.With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common,it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes,providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.
2. For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crimes .An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK.Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down.
3. Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft,almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists.Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness.The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period.A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.
4. There are many other traps to avoid.The AA has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots-ust the places thieves' love.The AA advises drives to park in places with people around-thieves don't like audiences.Paragraph 1______
A: Safe parking
B: Increase in car theft
C: Opportunities for non-professionals
D: Anti-theft organizations
E: Drivers' carelessness:a factor in promoting car stealing
F: Car stealing mostly by professional criminals答案：E解析：该段最后一句（总结句）提到司机的离车不锁车门给盔车造成很好的机会。
第二段段首句的含义为“近十多年来，汽车犯罪比其他犯罪有一个大的增长。”而B句的含义为“汽车盗窃的上升”，此句义与该段段首句的含义吻合。因此，B是合适的选择。
第三段段首句的含义为“尽管参与汽车犯罪中有职业的罪犯，但90％的汽车盗窃是由抓住机会盗窃的人干的。”而选项C中就包含了opportunity这一线索词，因此C是合适的选择。
第四段段首句的含义为“有许多其他的陷阱需要避免。”选项A说“安全停放车辆”，选项D说“反盗窃的组织”，而很容易就能在第四段中发现多处parking这样的词，依据此判断A是合适的选择。
to blame… on…含义为“把……归罪于……”，此问题句的语义为“大多数的汽车犯罪应归罪于什么”，根据做前面的题所了解的信息可知司机的不小心是诱因，所以答案是A。
在选项B、C、D、E和F这些备选答案中，big只能与选项B中increase连用，所以答案肯定是B。
此问题句的语义为“大多数的汽车犯罪是由……造成的。”，根据做前面的题所了解的信息可知应该是非职业的罪犯干的，所以答案是C。
答案相关句在第四段的第二句和第三句。 -
第21题：
共用题干
Car Crime
1.A million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day.The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The Automobile Association(AA)has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and
sometimes longer as drivers buy drinks,sweets,cigarettes and other consumer items.With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common,it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes,providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.
2.For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crimes.An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK.Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down.
3.Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft,almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists.Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness.The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period.A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.
4.There are many other traps to avoid.The AA has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots—just the places thieves love.The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around一thieves don't like audiences.Paragraph 3_______
A:Safe parking
B:Increase in car theft
C:Opportunities for non-professionals
D:Anti-theft organizations
E:Divers'carelessness:a factor in promoting car stealing
F: Car stealing mostly by professional criminals答案：C解析：该段最后一句（总结句）提到司机的离车不拔钥匙给盗车贼造成很好的机会。
第二段首句与B项的含义吻合。因此，B是合适的选择。
选项C中opportunity这一线索词与第三段首句中关键词一致，因此C是合适的选择。
很容易就能在第四段中发现多处park这样的词，依据此判断A是合适的选择。
to blame…on…的含义为“把……归罪于……”，此问题句的语义为“大多数的汽车犯罪应归罪于什么”，根据做前面的题所了解的信息可知司机的不小心是诱因，所以答案是A。
见第二段首句。
见第三段首句。
答案相关句在第四段的第二句和第三句。 -
第22题：
单选题If remote-controlled cars are more expensive than mechanical cars, and radio-controlled cars are more expensive than remote-controlled cars, which of the following statements must be true?AMechanical cars are the most expensive.
BRadio-controlled cars are the most expensive.
CRadio-controlled cars are cheaper than remote-controlled cars.
DMechanical cars are more expensive than remote-controlled cars.
正确答案： D解析：
遥控车比机械车贵，无线电遥控车又比遥控车贵，因此可推知无线电遥控车是最贵的。 -
第23题：
单选题What has happened to the SUV as to the third paragraph?AIt has more advantages when the gas price is rising.
BThere is a selling dropping of all sizes of it.
CIts place is replacing by more economical cars.
DIts best-selling time is coming.
正确答案： A解析：
事实细节题。由题干定位至第三段。首句中rising gas prices finally seem to be driving consumers toward more economical choices—and ringing out the era of the SUV提到，上涨的油价最终可能迫使消费者倾向于更加经济的选择，这意味着the SUV时代的结束，故A错，C正确；由最后两句可知SUVs和轻型货车销量下降，但是末句提到smaller SUVs like the Toyota RAV4 came on strong，排除B；由首句中ringing out the era of the SUV 可知the SUV 的时代将结束，故D错。